Version 4.059
August 1993
Applix 1616 microcomputer project
Applix pty limited
Lot 1, Kent St., Yerrinbool, NSW 2575
1. Applix 1616 Computer System 2. Keyboard Using reset control Control and Alt key The Alt key Function key macros Last line recall 3. Line editor 4. Connections 5. Miscellaneous Special characters Input / output redirection Character devices Block devices, disk drives RAM disk Search path Shell programs 6. 1616/OS Commands Command format FILE RELATED Copying, joining, moving files Copying files and directories Moving files and directories Displaying files Deleting files and empty directories Renaming files and directories Change date of file or directory Changing file attributes DIRECTORY RELATED Directory listings Changing directory Creating a directory Execution search path Block device information Substituting pathnames Set environment string CASSETTE TAPE Saving files on tape Archiving files on tape Loading files from tape Loading multiple tape files Verifying tape files MEMORY MANIPULATION Examining memory Continuous memory examination Memory alteration Putting ASCII strings in memory Memory filling Memory comparing Memory searching Memory moving Saving memory in a file Loading memory from a file COMMAND LINE REDIRECTION Moving characters about SHELL FILES Echo command line arguments Pausing SYSTEM Setting the time and date Displaying the current time/date Executing machine code Manually performing system calls Status of all processes Stop a background process Synchronise processes Altering internal settings Quitting the command interpreter HANDY UTILITIES Numeric base conversion Entering the editor Assembing 68000 code Expression evaluation Printing the ASCII character set Timing a command Defining function keys COMMUNICATION Reprogramming the serial ports Using the 1616 as a terminal Downloading S-records 7. Escape sequences 8. System calls General system calls File I/O system calls Character I/O system calls Video output system calls Graphics system calls OS control and Multitasking Hardware control system calls 9. Available Programs 10. Edit quick reference Cursor movement Scrolling Text deleting Block commands File commands Miscellaneous Index
Do you want a standard MS-DOS or Macintosh computer system full of custom ASIC chips and undocumented features? Do you want to deal with sales people who know little more than the price of the computer? Do you want to buy expensive programs, and then find the dealer knows nothing that isn’t obvious from the manual. If so, don’t bother to read this.
Or do you like to understand every single chip in your system, have every function accessible and changeable, and have interface facilities readily available? If you have a difficult problem, would you like to talk to the person who designed the computer? Would you like to read the source code for the programs you are using? Would you like to build your own custom computer, or have one assembled to suit your needs?
The Applix 1616 is an Australian designed and built computer system for engineers, programmers, advanced students, and DIY enthusiasts. Particularly suited to custom interfaces, industrial control, andeducation, itmakes a fine general purpose personal computer system. Provides a powerful EPROM resident multiuser, multitasking operating system, not unlike Unix, with lots of interface facilities.
Accepts industry standard peripherals, no hard to get add-ons. Built with common TTL and LSI electronic components, no special parts (except for two 16R8 PAL chips). All facilities open and accessible from C, assembler, Forth, BASIC, or straight from the keyboard.
The 7.5 MHz (field upgradable to 15 MHz) Motorola 68000 or 68010 based motherboard is available as a bare board, in kit form, or fully built, to suit your budget and intentions. Provision on board for 512k RAM, dual Z8530 SCC serial ports (as in Macintosh), latched Centronics compatible printer port, Apple compatible joystick port, 3000 baud cassette interface, stereo sound outputs from 2 watt amplifiers, and accepts a standard IBM keyboard.
Plenty of uncommitted I/O for interfacing. 8 digital I/O lines from 6522 VIA, two 8 bit analog output lines, six 8 bit analog input lines. Four 80 pin expansion sockets (one used by disk controller) give access to all 68000 lines, including interrupts, plus power. Comes with all schematics, full circuit description, construction manual, and built in tests for fault finding. Tests (or complete construction) do not require any peripherals (a logic probe, keyboard and video monitor, or serial terminal, do help however).
Bit mapped 6545 based programmable video circuit on board runs IBM CGA monitors, or composite black and white. Software selectable 320 by 200 pixels in 16 colours, 640 by 200 in 4 colours from palette of 16. One additional TTL chip provides two additional modes, which require dual scan Hercules, EGA or multisync monitor. 320 by 350 in 16 colours, 640 by 350 in four colours from a palette of 16. Second PAL chip provides additional 960 by 512 monochrome display, with software support for multiple windows (requires multisync or 30 KHz monitor). Or, if you like, run the entire system from a serial terminal without video.
Multiuser (3 users), multitasking (64 tasks) 1616/OS operating system, with over sixty commands, plus over 200 system calls, in the onboard 128k of EPROM. EPROM contains a WordStar compatible full screen editor, haa complete 68000 macro assembler with include file facilities and conditional assembly, plus ASCII tables, an expression evaluator, timing of commands, clock facilities, a small machine code monitor, and many utilities.
Terminal emulator provides Televideo 950 compatible terminal facilities via both serial ports. File commands handle onboard ram disk, optional floppy drives, and SCSI hard disks, with a hierarchical file system. Cold boot from floppy, hard disk, EPROM card, or without any drives at all. Warm boot from any drive, including ram disk. User Tutorial, User Reference manual, Programmers manual, and Technical Reference manuals included. Many other manuals available.
Plug in intelligent disk drive controller card has 8 MHz Z80, sockets for 64k of RAM (8k standard), 32k EPROM, WD1770 floppy disk controller chip, socket for NCR 5380 SCSI hard disk controller chip, socket for Z8530 SCC dual serial ports. Run any 40 or 80 track 3.5 inch or 5.25 inch double density floppy drives (two 800k 3.5 inch double sided 80 track drives are recommended). Can run any hard disk with inbuilt SCSI, or use Adaptec, Xebec or similar SCSI to ST506 converter to run IBM style ST506 hard disk. Disk controller can optionally run ZCPR ZRDOS CP/M emulation, using Microbee format disks. WordStar, etc available. Free utility software can read, write and format MS-DOS disks, read and write many CP/M formats.
First try
Level 2 reset is
Two resets (by either method) within three seconds of each other do a Level 1 reset, which does extra initialisation. Or type syscall 1 from keyboard.
The ‘level0’ reset should occur only at power-on time. A level 0 reset reinitialises everything, including the RAM disk. Or type syscall .101 from keyboard.
All 256 characters of the extended ASCII character set are obtainable by holding down the
Special functions use the
The ten function keys
Hold down the
The up-arrow ↑ and down-arrow ↓ keys (or
Typing the first few characters of a past line, then using the
Cursor positioning commands:
Ctrl D or → Go forward one characterCtrl F Go forward one wordCtrl S or ← Go backward one characterCtrl A Go backward one word or If at start of line, go to end; otherwise go to startCtrl B orEnd
Text deletion commands:
Ctrl G orDel Delete the character under the cursorCtrl T Delete from the cursor to the start of the next wordCtrl Y Delete from the cursor to the end of the lineBs orCtrl H Delete the character before the cursorCtrl V Delete from the start of the line up to the cursor
Miscellaneous commands:
Ctrl W Recall previously typed lines, insert at cursorCtrl U Undo the last deletion, insertion or command (some versions only)Ctrl P Escape a control character - after typing a you may enter any single control character into the line.Ctrl P Ctrl M orEnter TheEnter key is pressed when you are satisfied with the line. The cursor may be at any point on the line whenEnter is pressed. On some keyboards, the key is markedReturn .Ctrl E or ↑ Scroll backwards through previous linesCtrl X or ↓ Scroll forwards through previous lines
Looking at the rear, and viewing from left to right, the connectors are:
; comment on command lines, rest of line is ignored.
" ignore special characters enclosed in quotes.
’ ’A ’B etc., enter ASCII code.
! separate multiple commands, up to 511 character allowed in line.
. Decimal numbers are preceded by .
% Binary numbers are preceded by % - Minus may precede decimal number only (e.g. .-5) Hexadecimal numbers have no leading character.
* Wildcard for any group of characters, works in all commands.
? Wildcard for any single character.
[ ] Group characters.
~ Negate a group.
| Pipe output of command to input of next command.
& Run command asynchronously, in background (multitasking).
commandname arguments <inputsource > outputdestination } errordestination
The optional input / output redirections ‘<’, ‘>’ and ‘}’ in the command line format above will get input from, and send output and error messages to, the nominated character devices or files for the duration of the command. Doubled redirections >> and }} means that new output is appended to the previous output file, rather than overwriting it.
The ‘<’, ‘>’, ‘>>’, ‘}’ and ‘}}’ constructs must be the last part of the command line; all characters after these are ignored. Using wildcards in I/O redirection filenames will not work; the whole filename must be entered.
A character device is identified by a name followed by a colon.
CON: Console, the video display when used as output, and the keyboard when used as input.
SA: Serial channel A for input and output.
SB: Serial channel B for input and output.
CENT: Centronics parallel printer output port. Input may not be obtained from this device.
NULL: Discards characters which are sent to it. Input may not be obtained from this device.
Some examples of commands which employ I/O redirection follow:
dir >myfile dir >>myfile edit myfile <edcommandfile
This command uses the full-screen editor upon the file myfile. The file edcommandfile would contain a sequence of characters which are presented to the editor as if you had typed them in.
SSASM asmfile.s -l >CENT: }errorlog
parallel (centronics) printer port. Error messages are recorded in the file errorlog in the current directory.
Block devices are /RD, ram disk. /F0 and /F1, floppy disk drives, /H0, /H1, etc hard drives, /S0, etc fast SCSI. Don’t forget the /.
Vary the amount of memory which 1616/OS allocates for the RAM disk using switches 0 and 1 of the quad switch on the 1616’s PCB as below (exact ram may vary from version to version).
MRDRIVERS software can override this on boot up, if required.
RAM disk Switch 1 Switch 0 RAM disk size 0 off off 24K 1 off on 104K 2 on off 200K 3 on on 304K
The order of these can be swapped, see option .19 2.
; Comments are preceded by a semicolon.
$1 first argument.
$2 second argument, etc.
$0 returns the name of the shell file itself.
$* all arguments except the name of the shell file (arguments 1 and on).
trap enables error trapping.
notrap disable error trapping mode.
trap2 non-zero error trapping.
+ enable command echoing. - disable command echoing.
command args <<end_marker redirect this from standard input end_marker.
All commands are entered by typing their name. Options and filesnames are separated from the command by space(s).
commandname arguments <inputsource > outputdestination } errordestination.
Manipulate files on disk devices. Also apply to character devices such as CON: and CENT:.
The COPY, MOVE, TYPE, CAT and CIO commands overlap in their functions and there are a number of ways of doing any one thing. Terminate with an end-of-file character, if set, usually .
CAT [pathname1] [pathname2] [device1:] [device2:] ...
COPY source1 [source2] ... destination
MOVE source destination (original file is removed)
TYPE pathname1 [pathname2] ... Accepts wildcards, multiple files.
TYPE device: [pathname1] ...
DELETE pathname1 [pathname2] [pathname3] ...
FILEMODE 0 mask file1 [file2] ... Clear attribute bits FILEMODE 1 mask file1 [file2] ... Set attribute bits Ctrl d 6 0 $0001 Backup bit: the file is backed up 1 $0002 Directory bit: the directory entry refers to a directory 2 $0004 Locked bit: the file is locked (read - only)
Bits 3, 4 and 5 are Read, Write and eXecute bits, displayed as RWX in DIR.
Bits 6, 7 and 8 are symbolic links, small file speedup valid, and hidden files.
Bit 9 is boring bit, files not to be backed up.
DIR [pathname1] [pathname2] ... Wildcard gives next level directories also.
DIRS [pathname1] [pathname2] ... Gives short, names only listing.
DIR /F0/*
CD Display name of current directory CD path Change to a new directory CD /f0 Makes the root directory of floppy 0 current CD .. Moves up a directory level CD mydir Moves down a level CD ../mydir Moves across a level
MKDIR path Make a directory
XPATH Display path setting XPATH - Clear all paths XPATH path1 [path2] ... Set paths XPATH + path1 [path2] ... Add paths
VOLUMES Lists the volume name of every disk on line.
ASSIGN display all current assignments ASSIGN - delete all current assignments ASSIGN /path1 /path2 /path2 is substituted whenever /path1 appears
SET display all current settings SET - delete all current assignments SET -e "name1=setting1" set name1 to setting1, eg set -e del=delete SET -a name1=setting1 for use anywhere in command, eg set -a work=$home/mydir
TSAVE pathname1 [pathname2] [pathname3] ...
First rewind the tape, put the player into record mode and allow the tape to move forwards until the leader is no longer over the tape head. Use command to toggle the cassette relay.
TARCHIVE pathname1 [pathname2] [pathname3] ...
TLOAD [pathname1]
ITLOAD Mnemonic: Indefinite Tape LOAD
TVERIFY
A safe memory area for experimenting with these commands is the $8000-$10000 memory range.
The terminates memory examination. Commands start at address ‘a1’, end at address ‘a2’, use last address accessed as default for start. Some provide a prompted mode if no parameters are given.
MDB [a1] [a2] MDW [a1] [a2] MDL [a1] [a2] Mnemonic: Memory Dump (Byte, Word or Long)
MRDB a1 MRDW a1 MRDL a1 Mnemonic: Memory Repetitively Display (Byte, Word, Long)
MWB a1 [n1] [n2] [n3] ... MWW a1 [n1] [n2] [n3] ... MWL a1 [n1] [n2] [n3] ... Mnemonic: Memory Write (Byte, Word, Long)
MWA a1 [string] MWAZ a1 [string] Mnemonic: Memory Write Ascii (Zero) Alt T Alt C
MFB a1 a2 n1 MFW a1 a2 n1 MFL a1 a2 n1 MFA a1 a2 string Mnemonic: Memory Fill (Byte, Word, Long, Ascii)
MCMP a1 a2 a3 Mnemonic: Memory CoMPare
The memory blocks between addresses ‘a1’ through to ‘a2’ is compared to the blocks starting at address ‘a3’.
MSEARCH a1 a2 n1 [n2] [n3] ...
MMOVE a1 a2 a3
MSAVE a1 a2 pathname1
MLOAD pathname1 [a1]
CIO [n1] Mnemonic: Copy Input to Output Reads characters from standard input and writes them to standard output, optionally terminating on the character whose ASCII code is ‘n1’. Terminate on CIO 1a <sa: >myfile Read from serial channel A and write onto new file ‘myfile’. Terminate on a control-Z (ASCII code $1a).
CIO >>myfile <sb: Read characters from serial channel B and append then to ‘myfile’.
CIO <sa: >sb: CIO <myfile >cent:
ECHO [-n] [arg1] [arg2] ... (-n means no new-line) Alt Ctrl C 9
PAUSE n1 (cease processing for n1/50 seconds)
SETDATE year month day hour minute second. Don’t forget decimal point.
DATE
GO a1 Perform an MC68000 ‘JSR’ to ‘a1’.
SYSCALL callno n1 n2 n3 ...
This command causes 1616/OS to perform system call number ‘callno’, with parameters n1, n2, etc.
The value returned in data register d0) is printed out.
PS Gives lots of details of all processes operating.
KILL process_name or PID Stop a particular background process.
"WAIT background_process ! action or command" &
OPTION optionnum setting
The option command is a general way of varying various fiddly settings within 1616/OS. If you use the option command without a second (setting) parameter, it will return the current setting of the option. Option n 0 usually turns the option on or off (opposite of the default).
option 0 1 (default) Turns on display of the current directory in the prompt.
option 1 1 Turns on verbose mode flag. Most commands operate quietly.
option 2 2 (default) Turns on alphabetic sorting. The option 2 setting also affects the sorting of wildcard expansion.
option 2 0 turns off sorting of directory listings.
option 2 1 turns on sorting of listings by date.
option 3 0 Affects how information is displayed when a machine exception occurs.
If option 3 0 (default) has been selected then the screen is not cleared and a register dump only is displayed.
If option 3 1 is selected the screen is cleared, the registers are dumped and a stack backtrace is displayed.
10 driver code.
option 5 0 (default) getmem returns a negative error code when out of memory.
Option 5 1 causes the system to generate an internal error when the memory allocation function getmem receives a request for more memory than is available.
option 6 N Sets the end-of-file character for character devices. The normal setting is .256 (none). Use 4 for Unix, .26 for MSDOS files. Reads from character devices terminate when this character is read. Like all options, Option 6 with no parameters prints out the current parameters, in this case EOF character.
option 7 8192 (default) Set exec file stack space.
option 8 0 (default) Disables the system from writing to the system blocks of a disk (blocks zero through to the start of the root directory).
option 8 1 enables. Option is automattically turned off after use.
option 9 1 (default) Enable the keyboard reset function.
option .10 1 (default) Enable the output suspension facility.
option .10 0 disables. Note the period (.) indicating a decimal value, option .11 1 (default) Enable all special keyboard codes.
option .12 1 (default) Enables the output of a beep character when the system prints out an error message.
option .13 1 (default) Kill offending process upon bus or similar exception.
option .13 0 is warm start.
option .14 1 (default) Only affects register dump in trace exception mode. Dumps contents of program counter and registers, if the 68000 trace flag is set on. You set the CPU trace flag in the 68000 status register with or.w #$8000.sr, and clear it using and.w #$7ffff.sr.
option .14 0 disables register output, except for PC.
option .15 0 Not available. Formerly set user ID number option .16 .56 Not available. Formerly set filemode file creation mask to RWX.
option .17 1 Enable lower case pathnames in all files.
option .18 0 Set video output. 1 = ignore escape sequences. 2 = ignore meaning of control character. 3 = display all characters on screen. 4 = closer TVI 950 emulation.
option .19 1 Enable automatic re-read of all xpath directories, after encountering unrecognised program name. .19 2 searches xpath before current directory. .19 3 both
QUIT [or End-of-File marker, usually , if set]
BASE n1 [n2] [n3] ... Into binary, octal, decimal and hexadecimal equivalents.
EDIT filename1 [n1] Full screen editor, ‘n1’ is the tab stop width (default is 8).
Alt Ctrl R Alt S Alt Ctrl D 11
SSASM filename
EXPR n1 [op] [n2] [op] [n3] ...
If your first attempt at a calculation fails, remember last line recall!
x or X multiplication / division + addition - subtraction % modulo (remainder) & bitwise AND | bitwise OR ^ bitwise exclusive OR
ASCII [d | h | D | H] decimal or hex, 0-127, 128-255
TIME command How long did it take?
FKEY n1 string1
Sets function key ‘n1’ to produce ‘string1’ when typed. String to be surrounded by quotes. Enter control keys by preceding them with ). Get more than one command line by including the Enter (or ).
Also direct from keyboard using function key combination.
SERIAL channel baudrate rxbits txbits parity stopbits
0 is no parity, 1 is odd, 2 is even, 0 is 1 stopbit, 1 is 1.5, 2 is 2.
TERMA TERMB
SREC [filename] <redirection Ctrl P Ctrl M Alt Ctrl
If you embed terminal control characters or escape sequences in a file, you can display bold, underline, italics, subscript, and superscript text (or any reasonable mixture). The $29.95 Dr Doc editor uses these, as do other programs.
^G Beep speaker 7.
^I Tab 8.
^J Line feed 10.
^K Cursor up 11.
^L Clear screen 12.
^M Carriage return 13.
^V Cursor down 22.
^^ Home cursor 30.
ESC = (row+32) (col+32) Positions the cursor.
ESC ) Start highlighting.
ESC ( End highlighting.
ESC * Clear the screen, or current window.
ESC B (value+32) Sets the background colour to ‘value’.
ESC b Visible bell.
ESC E Insert a line at the current one.
ESC F (value+32) Sets the foreground colour to ‘value’.
ESC G 1 Sets subscript mode.
ESC G 2 Sets superscript mode.
ESC G 4 Sets bold mode.
ESC G 8 Sets underline mode.
ESC G @ Sets italic mode.
ESC G 0 Clears subscript, superscript, underline, bold and italic modes.
ESC I Back tab.
ESC j Reverse scroll display.
ESC M (from+32) (to+32) Copies the contents of a line.
ESC P (position+32) (value+32) Writes ‘value’ into the 1616 video palette at ‘position’.
ESC Q Character insert.
ESC q Enter insert mode.
ESC r End insert mode. ($1B, $72).
ESC R Delete the current line.
ESC S (value+32) Sets the border colour to ‘value’.
ESC t Clears from cursor to the end of the line.
ESC T Clears from cursor to the end of the line.
ESC W Delete character.
ESC Y Clears from cursor to the end of the screen.
The Applix system calls are relatively low level functions in the EPROMS that can be accessed from the keyboard, or under program control. A full description is in the Programmers Manual. Invoke from the keyboard using syscall .number, followed by any required parameters. Remember that keyboard input defaults to hexadecimal values, so place a . before each number to indicate a decimal value. In assembler or C, is is easier to use the system call header files. A system call is actually performed by placing the call number in register D0, and any required arguments as 32 bit long integers into D1, D2, A0, A1 and A2, and then executing a 68000 Trap 7 instruction. D0 contains the negative error code, or other results, upon return.
General system calls | ||
101 coldboot( ) | Cold start 1616/OS | |
0 warmboot( ) | Warm start 1616/OS | |
1 warmboot( ) | Warm start 1616/OS | |
11 loadrel(ifd, addr) | Load relocatable code from open file | |
13 exit(exit_status ) | Terminate transient program | |
16 set_vsvec(vec, rate, callval) | Install a vertical sync interrupt routine | |
17 clr_vsvec(vnum) | Remove a vertical sync interrupt routine | |
18 get_ticks( ) | Get number of ticks since system startup | |
19 get_cpu( ) | Determine CPU type | |
21 caswraw(start, length, leader) | Raw cassette block write | |
22 casrraw(buf, leader, maxhunk) | Raw cassette block read | |
23 getdate(buffer) | Get system time date | |
24 setdate(buffer) | Set system time date | |
25 abortstat( ) | Get ALT-C status | |
26 ent1ints(vec, preload) | Enable VIA timer1 interrupts | |
27 dist1ints( ) | Disable VIA timer1 interrupts | |
28 sine(angle) | Calculate a sine | |
29 def_fk(fknum, str) | Define a function key | |
30 getrand( ) | Read random number seed | |
62 getmem(nbytes, mode) | Allocate memory | |
63 getfmem(addr, nbytes, mode) | Request memory at fixed address | |
64 freemem(addr) | Free memory | |
69 floadrel(path, memmode) | Load an executable file | |
80 setstvec(vecnum, whereto) | Alter/install a system call vector | |
83 gettdstr(buffer) | Get time/date string | |
83 cvttdstr(0, 0, dateptr, mybuf) | ||
83 readtimeinc(0, 1, 0) | ||
83 settimeinc(inc) | ||
84 nledit(str, length) | Edit a line with length constraint | |
86 ledit(str) | Line editor | |
87 iexec(prompt) | Indefinitely call 1616/OS command executor | |
88 exec(lb) | Execute a 1616/OS command | |
89 callmrd(n, cmd, arg) | Call memory resident driver | |
90 set_kvec(vec) | Alter keyboard scan code vector | |
91 clparse(pargs, ptype, pval) | Internal command parser | |
92 qsort(base, nel, width, compar) | General purpose sorting function | |
93 sliceargs(string, argv, wcexp) | String separation and wildcard expansion | |
94 cpuspeed( ) | Return CPU speed | |
97 execa(argv) | Execute a system command | |
98 execv(path, argv) | Execute a system command | |
99 option(opnum, setting) | Set internal mode | |
122 errmes(errcode) | Interpret error code | |
126 getromver( ) | Return 1616/OS version | |
128 aexeca(argv isasync) | Execute a system command, for multitasking | |
135 alias(cmd, arg) | Alias a command | |
142 fnledit(buf, len, in, out) | line edit remote | |
File I/O system calls | ||
65 chdir(path) | Change current directory | |
66 mkdir(path, ndirblocks) | Create a new directory | |
67 getfullpath(path, memmode) | Get full pathname from relative pathname | |
68 pathcmp(path1, path2) | Compare two pathnames | |
100 inst_bdvr(br, bw, misc, name, bitmap) | Install a block device driver | |
102 find_bdvr(name) | Locate a block device driver | |
103 blkread(blk, buf, dev) | Raw block read | |
104 blkwrite(blk, buf, dev) | Raw block write | |
105 open(name, mode) | Open a disk file / character device | |
106 read(handle, buf, nbytes) | Read from a disk file / character device | |
107 close(handle) | Close a disk file | |
108 creat(name, type, addr) | Create a disk file | |
109 write(handle, buf, nbytes) | Write data to a disk file / character device | |
110 unlink(name) | Delete a disk file | |
111 rename(old, new) | Rename a disk file | |
112 filestat(name, buf) | Get the status of a disk file | |
113 readdir(dev, buf, dp, pos, pd) | Sequentially read disk directory | |
114 interpbec(ec, buf) | Interpret a block device error code | |
115 seek(fd, offset, mode) | Seek to a new disk file position | |
116 tell(fd) | Return current disk file position | |
117 bdmisc(bdnum, code, arg1) | Call block driver miscellaneous function | |
118 processdir(path, buffer, mode) | Perform directory operations | |
119 multiblkio(drv, cmd, ptr, blk, nblks) | Multiple block I/O driver | |
124 rdalldir(p, mm, sm, ps) | Read all directories | |
134 slink(one, two, three) | Symbolic link code | |
141 chkperm(pdirent, mask, path) | Check directory permissions | |
Character I/O system calls | ||
2 getchar( ) | Read one character from standard input | |
3 sgetchar( ) | Get status of standard input | |
4 putchar(ch) | Put a character to standard output | |
5 sputchar( ) | Get status of standard output | |
6 getc(dvr) | Get a character from a stream | |
7 sgetc(dvr) | Get status of an input stream | |
8 putc(dvr, ch) | Put a character to an output stream | |
9 sputc(dvr) | Get status of an output stream | |
14 set_sip(dvr) | Assign standard input | |
15 set_sop(dvr) | Assign standard output | |
20 set_ser(dvr) | Assign standard error | |
95 find_driver(ioro, name) | Locate a character device driver | |
10 add_ipdvr(io, stat, name, pv) | Install an input character device driver | |
10 add_xipdvr(io, stat, name, pv, m) | Install extended input drive | |
12 add_opdvr(io, stat, name, pv) | Install an output character device driver | |
96 get_dvrlist(ioro) | Locate the character device driver table | |
81 new_cbuf(dev, addr, len) | Vary buffer size for a character device | |
48 printf(str, p1, p2, p3, p4) | Formatted output | |
49 sprintf(buf, contstr, p1, p2, p3, p4) | Data formatting | |
120 fprintf(handle, contstr, p1, p2, p3) | Formatted output to a character stream | |
121 fputs(fd, buf) | String output to a character stream | |
123 fgets(f, buf) | Line input from a character stream | |
133 cdmisc(dvrnum, cmd, arg1, arg2, arg3) | misc character driver | |
Video output system calls | ||
31 set_640(mode) | Set/clear 640 column mode | |
32 set_vdp(page) | Set video display page | |
33 set_vap(page) | Set video software access page | |
35 set_bgcol(colmask) | Set video text background colour mask | |
36 set_bdcol(col) | Set video border colour | |
37 set_pal(palpos, col) | Set a palette entry | |
38 rdch_shape(charno) | Get pointer to character shape definition | |
39 def_chshape(charno, defptr) | Redefine a character shape | |
40 def_wind(wind) | Define a video window | |
41 vid_address(x, y) | Get physical video addresses | |
42 move_wind(buf, mode) | Move video window contents | |
43 rawvid(row, col, ch, fgmask, bgmask) | Low level video character drawing | |
44 fill_wind(col) | Fill the video window | |
45 scurs_mode(rate, enable, mask) | Alter cursor mode | |
46 mousetrap(trapno, vector) | Install mouse driver intercept | |
46 savecontext(4, p) | Save context | |
46 restvcontext(5, p) | Restore context | |
46 vcontextsize | Context size | |
130 newchset(ptr) | Select a new video character set | |
Graphics system calls | ||
47 fill(x, y, value) | Area fill routine | |
50 rset_pel(x, y, val) | Raw graphics point draw | |
51 set_pel(x, y, val) | Windowed graphics point draw | |
52 rline(x0, y0, x1, y1) | Raw graphics line draw | |
53 drawline(x0, y0, x1, y1) | Windowed graphics line draw | |
54 rread_pel(x, y) | Raw pixel read | |
55 read_pel(x, y) | Windowed pixel read | |
56 sgfgcol(colour) | Set graphics foreground colour | |
59 rcircle(x, y, radius) | Raw circle draw | |
60 circle(x, y, radius) | Windowed circle draw | |
61 sdotmode(mode) | Set graphics write operation | |
OS control and Multitasking | ||
119 multiblkio(drv, cmd, ptr, blk, nblks) | Multiple block I/O driver | |
125 oscontrol(cmd, arg) | System alterations | |
125 0 setibcvec(vec) | command disable | |
125 1 obramstart( ) | start of on-board ram | |
125 2 | not defined | |
125 3 readibcvec( ) | command disable vector | |
125 4 forcelevel0( ) | next reset is level 0 | |
125 5 readxpath(n) | points to xpath name | |
125 6 readassign(m) | read back assigns | |
125 7 setumask(n) | set file creation mask for process | |
125 8 readumask() | read file creation mask | |
125 9 setuid(n) | set UID for process | |
125 10 readuid( ) | read UID for process | |
125 11 get_bdev(path) | block devie driver no for file | |
125 12 dumplastlines(cdev) | throw away last lines for line editor | |
125 13 setwildvec(vec) | replace wildcard comparison | |
125 14 readwildvec( ) | point to wildcard compare routne | |
125 15 | not used | |
125 16 | not used | |
125 17 video_init(level) | initialise video to any reset level | |
125 18 kb_init(level) | initialise keyboard to any reset level | |
125 19 setbeepvol(vol) | set volume of beep | |
125 20 readbeepvol( ) | read volume of beep | |
125 21 setbeepvec(vec) | set sound vector for beep | |
125 22 readbeepvec( ) | read sound vector for beep | |
125 23 nouseffbs(n) | don’t use 4 kbyte file patch | |
125 24 readffbs() | find state of 4 kbyte file patch | |
125 26 rxtxptr(n) | pointer to SCC ISR vector | |
125 27 setbdlockin(n) | lockin multiio call on devic | |
125 28 readbdlockin( ) | read lockin state | |
125 29 startofday( ) | non-zero if power up | |
125 30 pfastchar( ) | fast video character output | |
125 31 srbrclock(n) | baud rate multiplier | |
125 32 timer1used( ) | true if in freetone | |
125 33 trashassign(uid) | trash assigns by UID | |
125 34 trashenvstrings(pid) | trash environments by UID | |
125 35 envsubs(s, dollaronly, mmode) | string substitution mode | |
125 36 doassign(argc, argv) | access to assign command | |
127 lockZ80(mode, arg) | Lock Z80, file system interlock | |
128 aexeca(argv, isasync) | Multitasking execution of system command | |
129 proccntl(mode, arg(s)) | Multiple command process control call | |
129 0 getpid | Current process ID | |
129 1 getppid(pid) | Get parent process ID | |
129 2 exit2(exitcode) | Terminate current process | |
129 3 kill(pid) | Unconditionally terminate process | |
129 4 sleep(pid) | Suspend processing | |
129 5 getproctab(pid) | Process table entry pointer | |
129 6 cwd(pid, path) | Change current working directory | |
129 7 lockin(mode) | Disable process descheduling | |
129 8 runstats(mode) | Collect statistics of stack & memory usage | |
129 9 wait(pid) | Wait for process to exit | |
129 10 nice(pid, ticks) | Set process time slice | |
129 11 sigsend(pid, arg1, arg2) | Send a signal | |
129 12 sigcatch(vector) | Install a signal handler | |
129 13 sendinterrupt(rootpid) | Send Alt-Ctrl-C interrupt | |
129 14 proctrace(rootpid) | Put process into trace mode | |
129 15 getprocflags(pid) | Read process flags from process table | |
129 16 isinteractive(pid) | Is process interactive? | |
129 17 nospcheck(pid, mode) | Enable and disable stack checking | |
129 18 csvec(v) | Install context switch vector | |
129 19 getpcurpid( ) | Pointer to current PID | |
129 20 readsigvecpid) | Signal handler for current process | |
129 21 fsbptr( ) | File system interlock semaphore | |
129 22 fspptr( ) | PID of process in file system | |
129 23 ssptr( ) | Lock current process in file system | |
129 24 killuser(hs) | Kill processes of homeshell PID | |
129 25 sigblock(pid, blk) | Block or unblock signals | |
129 26 alarm(n) | Set an alarm | |
129 27 sigblocker(rootpid, sig, arg) | Signals blocked process | |
129 28 snooze(vec, p1, p2) | Sleep until true | |
129 29 siguser(pid, sig, arg) | Signal user | |
129 30 findhomeshell(pid) | Find homeshell of process | |
129 31 setshnice(pid, nice) | Set nice level of shell | |
129 32 lastchild(pid) | Find most recent child of PID | |
129 33 swpptr( ) | Switch pending flag | |
129 34 killdown(startpid) | Send killdown signal to parent | |
129 35 sigdown(statpid, val1, val2) | Send sigdown signal to parent | |
129 36 killuid(uid) | Kill all processes of UID | |
129 37 siguid(uid, p1, p2) | Signal all proceses of UID | |
129 38 setsigexit(pid, mode) | Signal process on other exit | |
129 39 setpg(pg) | Set up a process group | |
129 40 sigpg(pg, sig, arg) | Signal a process group | |
129 41 killpg(pg) | Kill a process group | |
129 42 setprocumask(id, mask) | Set a process group umask | |
129 43 setenvbits(pid, mask, set) | Set environment bits for a user | |
129 44 getenvbits(pid) | Find which environment bits are set | |
129 45 nametopid(pid) | Convert string to PID | |
129 47 blockrx(mode) | Receive an interprocess block | |
129 48 setenv(pid, name, set, mode) | Manipulate environment strings (set) | |
129 49 getenv(pid, name, mode) | Get environment string variables | |
131 schedprep(addr, argv, flags, ss) | Schedule a new process | |
132 pipe(ptr) | Pipe | |
Hardware control system calls | ||
70 anipsel(ipnum) | Select an analogue input | |
71 anopsel(opnum) | Select an analogue output | |
72 anopdis( ) | Disable analogue outputs | |
73 adc( ) | Perform analogue to digital conversion | |
74 dac(val) | Perform digital to analogue conversion | |
75 set_led(val) | Set/clear LED | |
76 freetone(table, tablen, length, preload) | Play a waveform | |
77 fttime( ) | Return time left for freetone completion | |
78 rdiport( ) | Read input port | |
79 rdbiport( ) | Read time-accumulated input port | |
82 prog_sio(chan, spptr) | Reprogram a serial port | |
133 cdmisc(dvr, cmd, p1, p2, p3) | Misc char device driver | |
140 crtc_init(mode, p) | Initialise CRTC mode |
This lists the command line options for many of the programs available on the Applix 1616, and briefly describes the programs. Source code for programs accompanies the program (except for sc spreadsheet calculator, which uses curses heavily). Many utilities are available on the $29.95 Utilities disk, others come with the disk drive kit, the rest are available on 25 shareware disks, available at $5 each, plus $2 postage.
| or ^ pipe [ on ] [ off ] [ d ] | UNIX style memory resident pipe. | U1am |
1616typer.bas | Very simple letter writer, justifies typing. | 4pc |
3demo | 3 D demo, converted from Atari ST. | 18gb |
60hzcrtc | Modify 6545 CRTC video controller registers. | 6am |
640circle | Makes circles display correctly in BASIC. | 4am |
adc filesize filename | Capture sound 38.97 kHz, compressed storage. | 19gb |
adc11 soundfile | Input sound from external digitiser using 6522 VIA. | 17ms |
adc11 tablesize soundfile | Input sound from microphone via user port. | 18gb |
adc15 tablesize soundfile | Input sound faster from microphone via user port. | 18gb |
adc22 tablesize soundfile | gb | |
adc_s tablesize soundfile | Input stereo from two microphones via user port. | 18gb |
addcr infile outfile | Add carriage returns to linefeeds in file. | U1am |
addcr filename | Add CR to LF in file, for editing. | 20am |
addlf filename | Add LF to CR in file, for editing. | 20am |
advent [-red] | Colossal Cave text adventure game. | 2mh.am |
ampl | Sound sampling, no hardware. Based on Gerhard’s. | 24am |
amv.bas | Animal vegetable mineral guessing game. | 4df |
analogout | Demo use of analog ports, selection. | 25 |
app | Part of Conal’s ega mrd for OSv4. | 18cw |
ar [-adprtvx] afile [filename] ... | File archive and library. | U1am |
arc [-]{amufdxeplvtc} [biswn] [gpassword] archive [filename ...] | File archive and library, with compression. | U1am |
arep repetition_ticks initial_delay_ticks | Keyboard autorepeat and delay. | Uam |
arep.mrd | MRD for keyboard autorepeat rate and delay. | 24am |
asciicalc | ascii string evaluation tutorial. | 6sy |
atoz filename | Transfer Applix file to CP/M format. | 11jm |
back soundfile | Play sound file backwards. | 1,3jf |
back11 soundfile | Play sound file backwards. | 1,6jf |
back22 soundfile | Play sound file backwards. | 1,6jf |
ball | Ping pong video ball game. | 3ad |
basic | Public domain Tiny BASIC interpreter. | 14am |
beep.mrd | MRD to change ^G beep sound. | 23amc |
bigbuf [bufsize] [satx] [sarx] [sbtx] [sbrx] [cent] [kb] buffer size | 4am | |
bkg | Backgammon game against computer. | 2mh.am |
blockdev devname | Initialise, format and name disks. | Uam |
bmedit bmfile | Bit map editor for making icons and characters. | 15amc |
brickwalls.bas | Manoeuvering video game. | 4df |
bs [-b|-s][-c] | Curses based battleship game, from Unix. | 18am |
bug & | Demonstration of mouse cursor. | Uam |
buildmrd [-rramdisksize] [-ooutfile] [-sstacksize] [-vvideosize] [-ccolours] [file.xrel] [file.xrel] ... | Establish TSR (MRD) programs, configure memory. | Uam |
c | HiTech commercial C compiler, Clyde Smith-Stubbs, $275.00 | |
c1616 helpfile [swapfile] | Hypertext help system. | 13cw |
c_examples | Simple C examples. | 18dw |
cfront | C++ front end. | 25cm |
cal [ month ] year | Any year, any month calendar. | U1am |
calendar.bas | Calendar in BASIC. | 4pc |
cdev [device:] | Dump character device control tables. | 15amc |
chess | GNU chess program, with graphics interface. | 11am |
chmem stackspace files ... | Change file stackspace usage. | Uam |
choice -s -h | Two handed trump taking card game. | 18am |
chop | Code execution profiler, for hacking code to go faster. | 24am |
clrwin | Tutorial on clearing a window. | 6sy |
cmp [-ls] file1 file2 | Compare contents of two files. | U1am |
colour-bars | Test your display colours. | 5mj |
comm [ - [123 ] ] file1 file2 | Find lines common to two files. | U1am |
convert filein fileout | Amiga sound files to 1616. | 15mg |
cproto | Generate function prototype header from .c file. | 24am |
crobots file file | Robot strategy in C. | 16cm |
crtsav [time] | Screen saver, blanks display after set time. | 3jf |
d_list and dlist2 | directory lister for entire disk. | 18gb |
dateset | Easy way to set system date and time. | 5mj |
dateset.bas | Set system date and time. | 4df |
dd [option=value] ... | Convert, translate and copy files. | U1am |
debug | include in your code to trace. | 14gb |
demonstration | 68000 exception handler tutorial. | 5mj |
df filename [-nnnnn ] [-onnnn ] | Dump contents of disk file. | U1am |
dhrynoreg dhryreg | Traditional benchmarks for CPU and C compiler. | 9am |
dial phone | Hayes modem autodialler utility. | 15mg |
diff file1 file2 | Differential file comparator. | U1am |
dis filename.exec | Early version 68000 file disassembler. | U1am |
dis filename.xrel | 68000 file disassembler. | U1am |
dis start address count | Disassemble 68000 memory. | U1am |
disassemble file.xrel [char] | Another disassembler. | 14gb |
disassemble m address1 address2 [char] | Disassembler memory. | 14gb |
diskcopy sourcedev destdev [-f] [-r] [-s] [-v] | Smart disk copy utility. | Uam |
diskio | Disk input output tutorial. | 6sy |
diskstat | Disk statistics. | 24am |
dissolve | Randomly clear video display, special effect. | 6ch |
doc-write | Menu front end and file handler for editor. | 16mj |
dosdir [-lr] drive [dir] | List MS-DOS disk directory contents. | 7gs |
dosget [-a] drive file1 [file2] ... | Reads MS-DOS disk files, writes them to current Applix drive. | 7gs |
dosinit drive | Initialise an empty MS-DOS file system on formatted disk. | 7gs |
dosput [-a] drive file [file2 [file3 ...]] | Write files to MS-DOS drive. | 7gs |
dosread [-a] drive file | Display a file from MS-DOS disk. | 7gs |
doswrite [-a] drive file | Write a file on MS-DOS disk, from standard input. | 7gs |
dr doc | Document editor, fancy screens, commercial $29.95. | am |
driveparm [drive [steprate doublestep bitmap sizecode sectors tracks sides cache diskchange]] | Display or change all disk drive parameters, for alien disks. | 7gs |
drivetime drive | Time drive rotation rate. | 7gs |
du2 | Select and view raw disk blocks. | 6sy |
du | Disk usage reporter, like Unix. | 24am |
dumpbro | Print graphics display to Brother M1109 printer. | 6ms |
dumpch | Display character shapes in hexadecimal. | 6sy |
dumpscreen | Print graphics display to Epson printer. | 3nc |
easy_write | Menu front end and file handler for compiler or assembler. | 15mj |
ega.mrd | Part of conal’s ega drivers for OS V4. | 18cw |
ellipse | Draw ellipse on display. | 24am |
emacs | Traditional minicomputer text editor. | 14cm |
err number | Error message number translator. | 23amc |
ep232 | Drive smart EPROM burner from RS232 port. | 3jm |
eroff [+00 ] [-00] [-s] [-h] [ files ] | Enhanced version of roff text formatter. | U1am |
except.mrd | 68000 exception handler, to help trace bugs. | 3,5mj |
exp arguments | Math and logic expressions evaluated. | U1am |
factorial [-v] number | Calculates factorials to many places. | 15gb |
fastcopy source dest | Set drive characteristics, will quickly copy any non-Macintosh alien disk, such as IBM, Applix, Atari. | 7gs |
fft | Fast Fourier Transform code sample. | 9cm |
fileclean filename | Converts imported files to editor format. | Uam |
find dirspec filespec | Find a named file on disk. | U1am |
float | Floating point routines in assembler, for fractals. | 19gb |
fmem | Free memory statistics, various modes. | 20cd |
forever command | Repeat any command until cancelled. | Uam |
format filename [n] | Dot matrix printer utility. | 3db |
format drive | Universal disk format program (disk will not work until a file system is also placed on it - use blockdev for Applix, mkfs for Minix, dosinit for MS-DOS, etc.) | 7gs |
frac datafile | Pretty fractal pictures. | 6sn |
fscheck devname [-v] [-y] [-yy] [-q] | Check and repair disk file system. | Uam |
fscopy sourcedir destdir | Copy directory and all sub-directories. | U1am |
ft etc | Freetone sound effects, various types. | 16sy |
ftolower < infile > outfile | Convert file contents to lower case. | U1am |
ftoupper < infile > outfile | Convert file contents to upper case. | U1am |
ftree [ -s filename] [ -d] [ -f] [ /dev] | Find and display files and directories. | 15mj |
gbplay playspeed soundfile | V1.3 of Gerhard’s sound file player. | 19gb |
genreloc fname1 fname2 ofname [bsssize] | Make program relocatable. | Uam |
gensrec infile > output | Output in Motorola S-record format. | U1am |
getty [sb:] [-uid] [-malrwx] [-cbarfile] | Restricted shell via serial ports. | 15amc |
gp pattern file | Search a file for a simple pattern. | U1am |
grav | Bouncing ball demo converted from MGR. | 24am |
greed [-s] | Eat numbered points game, very addictive. | 16am |
grep [ -cfinv ] pattern [ file ... ] | Search files for complex pattern. | U1am |
guts startline [endline] file ... | Output lines from file. | 19dw |
hdbackup /hdrive /fdrive | Back up hard disk. | U1am |
hdrestore /sourcedrive /destdrive | Restore hard disk from backup. | U1am |
head [-n] file1 [file2 ... ] | Show first n lines of files. | U1am |
hexagon | Block the opponent peg game. | 5mj |
HItech C compiler, commercial, $275.00 | ||
hs name or number | Early version programmers help system. | 13cw |
ibmfont | Use IBM graphics font instead of inbuilt one. | Uam |
imagewriter filename.roff | Printer utility for runoff files. | 10cmills |
indent [ input-file [ output-file ] ] [ -bad | -nbad ] [ -bap | -nbap ] [ -bbb | -nbbb ] [ -bc | -nbc ] [ -bl ] [ -br ] [ -cn ] [ -cdn ] [ -cdb | -ncdb ] [ -ce | -nce ] [ -cin ] [ -clin ] [ -dn ] [ -din ] [ -fc1 | -nfc1 ] [ -in ] [ -ip | -nip ] [ -ln ] [ -lcn ] [ -lp | -nlp ] [ -pcs | -npcs ] [ -npro ] [ -psl | -npsl ] [ -sc | -nsc ] [ -sob | -nsob ] [ -st ] [ -troff ] [ -v | -nv ] | Pretty up your C source files. | 10am |
infocom filename | Guide to Infocom text adventures. | 6cm |
install | 24am | |
invertch | Invert the normal character set. | 6sy |
julia | Draws Julia set fractals. | 19gb |
justify filename | Justify a text file for printing. | 3nc |
kal | Kaleidoscope graphics. | 1jf |
karma | Collect happiness, convert the neighbourhood game. | 4pa |
kmem | C storage allocator. | 6am |
knuth_rand | Notes on C random number generator in C. | 24 |
kv | Print keyboard scan codes. | 6am |
laser | Futuristic reflecting battle chess game. | 4pa |
ledit | Line editor example. | 24am |
lfk fkey_def_file | Define function keys more easily. | 15ch |
lhx - | Lharc arc utility. | 23amc |
lib | File organiser, indexes files by disk. Very handy. | 19gb |
lib | File organiser, indexes files by disk. Very handy. | 20gb |
lif | Conway’s Game of Life in 68000 assembler. | 14gb |
life | Conway’s Game of Life in C. | 3,5mj |
life | Yet another life. Source, no xrel. | 23amc |
linkmrd.mrd | MRD required for ls. | 20jf |
lisp | Version 1.6 of old AI language. | 8am |
load4000 filename | Place relocatable program in default memory location. | U1am |
loadreloc ifname.xrel | Place relocatable program in fixed memory location. | Uam |
locate.mrd | Find MRD (TSR) and other programs and data in memory. | 15mj |
ls | - Unix like ls directory command, needs linkmrd. | 20jf |
macpic filename ... | V4.1 new, updated. | 19amc |
macshow filename | Convert, colour and view Macintosh pictures (early version). | 1amc |
make [ -f makefile] [-dinpqrst] [macro=val] [target(s)] [names] | Aid in compiling C programs. | U1am |
makecmd cmdfile.cmd start1 end1 [ ... ] entry | Create a TRSDOS format.cmd file from Z80 code in disk controller. Used for alien disks. | 7gs |
makeega | Adjust 6545 CRTC to run EGA video on Hercules monitor. | 15lw |
mand | Mandelbrot demonstration, same as in Forth package. | 14gb |
mand | Mandelbrot demo, two versions, similar to above. | 18gb |
mandel | Mandelbrot demo, updated. | 19gb |
mastermind.bas | Traditional number guessing game. | 4df |
maze | Obscure C competition maze 24 | |
mcd [pidname] newdir | Change MGR’s working directory. | 18am |
mem | Report of available free memory, largest free block, etc. | 15amc |
mem logfile | Memory usage daemon, run in background. | Uam |
mexec [-v] printf_control_string [args] | Execute any command, in all directories. | U1am |
minix | multitasking Unix workalike, ported by Colin McCormack, commercial, $225.00 | |
mkcd dirname | Make dir and change to it. | 24am |
mkfloppy | Shell demo of << command. | 24am |
mkproto | Generate function prototype header from .c file. | 24am |
modem sa: [sb:] | Xmodem file transfer program. | 1,2mh |
modem32 | Menu driven file transfer program. | 6sy |
more [ files ... ] | Shows files a page at a time. | U1am |
more [ files ... ] | Shows files a page at a time, goes backwards, searches. | 15mgrd |
mrdstat | Shows details of MRD (TSR) programs in memory. | U1am |
multiply. | Source demo of unsigned 68000 long multiply. | 24 |
mvs file | Convert file to total confusion. | 25ch |
names [number] | Generate alien sounding names. | 14am |
newbeep.mrd | MRD to allow selectable beep sound. Also selbeep. | 24am |
nim.bas | Traditional math logic game. | 4df |
nswp | Bulk file copy, delete, view utility, like simple Xtree. | 6sy |
nzdebug | File dump and edit, like IBM debug. | 19dw or gb? |
ole | Test for floating point bug in C compiler. | 19on |
para | Paranoia text adventure, always gets you. | 2amc |
pcrip | Shoot the IBM game, for joystick. | Uam |
pfile.bas | Simple data base, includes index of last decade of Electronics Australia. | 4pc |
pic soundfile | Visual display of sound files. | 18gb |
| or ^ pipe [ on ] [ off ] [ d ] | UNIX style memory resident pipe. | U1am |
pipe & | Simulates serial link, for test purposes. | 24am |
play [freq] soundfile [soundfile ... | ] Play digitised soundfiles at selected frequency. | 9gb also 18gb |
play_s playspeed soundfile | Play digitised sound in stereo. | 18gb |
playsound soundfile | Early version. | 1am |
pr [+page ] [-columns ] [-h header ] [-w width ] [-l length ] [-bfnpst ] [ files ] | Text format and print routine. | U1am |
prog? | 68000 assembler tutorials. | 1km |
ps2 | Variation on process status command. | Uam |
ps3 | Another variation on process status command. | 15amc |
pwm & | Pulse width modulate LED (flash it). | 19 ac am jf |
quick.mrd | Reduce lines of video display to speed processing. | 9am |
quindex | Quick index, file menu and program launch system. | 5mj |
quix | Bouncing line demo, quick, memory board aware. | 23amc |
rap | Jive song generator (Andrew was in USA too long) | 24am |
rawcopy sourcedevice destdevice | Copy Minix file system disks. | Uam |
rawread/device address blocknum [ blocknum ] | Read absolute disk blocks (carefully). | U1am |
rawwrite /device address blocknum [ blocknum ] | Write absolute disk blocks. | U1am |
rb [-7buv] [-sA] [-sB] | Obsolete yam and ymodem receive routine. | 3cm |
rb [-1bcuv] filename | Obsolete yam and ymodem receive routine. | 3cm |
readver | Display the disk controller version number (alien disks). | 7gs |
relcc [-acdijlorsuv] file | C compiler preprocessor, produces relocatable code. | Uam |
renlower [file] [file] ... | Rename filename on disk to lower case. | Uam |
renupper [file] [file] ... | Rename filenames on disk to upper case. | Uam |
reverb soundfile ptr1_off ptr1_lvl prt2_off ptr2_lvl ptr2_off ptr3_lvl | Apply 3 level reverberation to playing of soundfile. | 1,6jf |
rmcr infile outfile | Remove carriage returns from text file. | U1am |
rmlf filename | Remove LF from file, for editing. See clean. | 20am |
robot cprog1 cprog2 | Write a robot in C, play against another. | 16cm |
roff [+00 ] [-00] [-s] [-h] [ files ] | Text file formatter and printer. | U1am |
runoff [+n] [-n] [-p] [-s] | Expanded text file formatter. | 10cmills |
rvuc | Review C source code. | 24am |
sa | String art, converted from MGR. | 24am |
sample | Sound sampler, no hardware, based on Gerhard’s. | 24am |
sb [-7dfkquv] [-sA] [-sB] filename ... | Obsolete ymodem send file. | 6cm |
sc [ -c ] [ -m ] [ -n ] [ -r ] [ -x ] [ file ] | Spreadsheet calculator, full maths and macros. | 15am |
scan | List keyboard scan codes. | 9am |
scc | Calculate Zilog 8530 SCC code constants. | U1am |
scc | Calculate Zilog 8530 SCC code constants. | 24am |
sdate | Set date and time easily, pop up window. | 6amc |
sdate [ -h] | Set date and time easily. | 15mgrd |
sea - | Sealink arc utility. | 23amc |
sega.mrd | Change video to EGA 640 by 400 mode. | 6cw |
selbeep | Select a beep sound, require newbeep.mrd. | 24am |
setload filename address | Change executable address of file. | U1am |
setstep drive stepcode | Set the disk drive step rate, for alien disks. | 7gs |
setvol name [device] | Change volume name of diskette. | 15mj |
shareware.dat | List of all disk files to SW#20, for use with lib | 20gb |
size filename[.xrel] ... | Size of text, data, bss, stack for files. | 18am |
solitare | Jump the peg board game. | 5mj |
sort [ -funbirdcmt‘x’ ] [+pos [m.n] [-pos ]] [-o outfile ] [files] | Sort a file, alpha, reverse, by position, field, etc. | U1am |
sound-11 soundfile | Play an 11 kHz digitised sound file. | 3mg |
sound-22 soundfile | Play a 22 kHz sound file. | 3mg |
sound11 soundfile | Play an 11 kHz sound file. | 1am |
sound22 soundfile | Play a 22 kHz sound file. | 1am |
soundsloman soundfile | Customised version, play a sound file. | 17ms |
space-potatoes.bas | They chase you game. | 4df |
speakfile soundfile | Easy version, play a sound file. | 1am |
split [ -n ] [ file [ name ] ] | Split an overlarge file into pieces. | U1am |
ssbasic | BASIC for 1616, commercial, $69.00 | |
ssdcerr errorno | Disk error displayed in text, for alien disks. | 7gs |
sseg | Part of EGA 640 by 400 graphics package. | 12cw |
ssforth | Floating point Forth, by Peter Fletcher, commercial with source, $89.00 | |
sstools | File and directory manager, like commercial Xtree. Great. | 19cmills |
star | Logical board game. | 5mj |
stat -b | File/dir info, block load, stat bits, blockmap, etc. | 18am |
sterm sa:|sb: | Extended terminal program, drop DTR, break, load, rot13. | 20jf |
strings [-minsize] [files] | Find ASCII text strings in files. | U1am |
sum file | Checksum a file. | u1am |
syllogy | Logic game, demonstrates ai. | 5mj |
sylloword | Logic game, early version of syllogy. | 5mj |
sync drive | Flush read and write caches for alien disks. | 7gs |
tail [ -number] [ file ] | List last n lines of files. | U1am |
tee [ -i ] [ -a ] [ file ] ... | Pipe fitting, output to display and device. | U1am |
t | flight simulator outline in assembler. | 18gb |
tc-017 | flight simulator outline, also in assembler. | 18gb |
term chardev | Better terminal program. | 18am |
term chardev | Can capture incoming to disk. No xrel. | 24am |
terminal port [ver] [half] [inLF] [outLF] [print] [echo] [[-]logfile] | Elaborate | |
termite | Eats your display, special effect. | 8amc |
test | Test an MRD before installing. | 5mj |
testmrd | Test MRD (TSR) prior to installing. | 5mj |
teststr14 password | Password protection and screen blank. | 16on |
tictactoe | Traditional noughts and crosses game (never loses). | 8am |
tiff description | Description of suggested music file format. | 10ls |
tinybasic | Tiny BASIC, extensions, plus examples, manual. | 19dw & mgrd |
toupper | Filter to upper case. | 15mgrd |
trace | Single step a program. | 3mgreg |
trace address | Single step a program. | Uam |
tree [ -q] [/vol] | List all directories and files. | 3mg |
tree [ -q] [device name] L | ist all directories and files. | 3mg |
tstint | Test whether program is interactive or background. | Uam |
tune3 musicfile | Play 3 voice music files. | Uam |
music files, various | 9cmills | |
uid | Display user ID number. | Uam |
uid n | Change user ID number. | Uam |
uid n files | Changes user ID on list of files. | Uam |
uid n - | Changes user ID on files listed in standard input. | Uam |
umask -alrwx [-] [-v] [file] [file] ... | Set user file permissions mask. | Uam |
unzip | File compression program. | 20jf |
vcon | Video context switcher, multiple virtual consoles. | Uam |
vconp | Video context switched, three windows on one display. | Uam |
undelete [files ... ] | Recover recently erased files. | U1am |
uniq [ -udc [ +n ] [ -n ]][ input [ output ] ] | Eliminate multiple identical lines in file. | U1am |
vi | UNIX visual editor, from Minix. | 9cm |
video | Needs to be installed as an MRD on boot, provides EGA. | 6cw |
video.ega | Part of Conal’s ega mrd drivers. | 18cw |
vtrek | Star Trek adventure game, character graphics only. | 1mh |
wanderer | Graphics adventure game, treasure quest. | 8am |
warship | Depth bomb the submarine game. | 3ad |
warship2 | Revised depth bomb the submarine game. | 16am |
wave soundfile | Display soundfile on video and play. | 6ms |
wc [ -lwc] [ files ] | Count lines, words and characters in file. | U1am |
whereis file[.xrel] | Find executable program on disk. | 18am |
wh file | Faster find executable program on disk. | 20jf |
whir.mrd | MRD to toggle speaker on each syscall. Cute. | 23amc |
window | Demonstration of window code. | 3cm |
wisdom wisdom.txt wisdom.idx | Cute quotes for all purposes. | 16am |
wisdom oracle.txt oracle.idx | Different cute quotes. | 20jf |
xreltoexec [loadaddr] xrelfile | Loads xrel file as exec file. | 18am |
xreltoexec [loadaddr] xrelfile | Loads xrel file as exec file update. | 24am |
ya.shell | Complicated yahtzee dice game. | 6am |
ymodem sa: [sb:] | Ymodem file transfer routines. | 8cm |
yow | esponds with inspirational mesage from file. | 19dw |
Z80asc | Z80 memory map dump for disk controller. | 6sy |
Z80hex | Z80 memory map dump for disk controller. | 6sy |
zd | Transfer files between CP/M and Applix. | 11jm |
zmdb a1 a2 n1 zmfb a1 a2 n1 zmwb a1 n1 [n2 ...] | Read, fill and write to disk controller Z80 memory (much the same as 1616’s 68000 monitor). | 11jm |
zmodem | File transfer protocol, xrels are _rz and _sz. | 25cm |
zoo -{acDeglLPTuUvx}[aAcCdEfInmMNoOpPqu1:/.@n] archivefile | Zoo archive utility, no source yet. Zoo h for help. | 23amc |
zrdos | CP/M system using ZCPR, commercial item $150.00. | Conal Walsh |
ztoa filename | Transfer files from CP/M to Applix. | 11jm |
The location and authors of all software is shown above in the italic text at the end of each program.
A number indicates the shareware disk with that number. A capital U is a User Disk, usually the one with 1616/OS V4. A H indicates a Hard Drive User Disk, which contains additional programs mostly by Mark Harvey. A U1 indicates a disk from the $30 Utility Disk set.
Andrew Driver (ad), Andrew Morton (am), Andrew McNamara (amc), Craig Dewick (cd), Cameron Hutchison (ch), Colin McCormack (cm), Craig Mills (cmills), Conal Walsh (cw), Dale Barnes (db), Dave Fowler (df), Dave Wilson (dw), Gerhard Baumann (gb), Greyham Stoney (gs), Jeremy Fitzhardinge (jf), Joe Moschini (jm), Kathy Morton (km), Lindsay Scales (ls), Lindsay Washusen (lw), Matthew Geier (mg), Matthew Gardener (mgrd), Mark Harvey (mh), Michael Johnson (mj), Michael Sloman(ms), Norm Clark (nc), Ole Nielson (on), Peter Ashby (pa), PaulCahill (pc), Stephen Nicholson (sn), Sid Young (sy).
^E Up one line ^X Down one line ^QE Up to top of page ^QX Down to bottom of page ^R Up one page ^C Down one page ^QR To start of file ^QC To end of file ^S Left one character ^D Right one character ^A Left one word ^F Right one word ^QS Left 80 characters ^QD Right 80 characters ^B Start/end of line ^J Start of next line
^Z Scroll up ^W Scroll down
^H,BS Delete char backward ^G, DEL Delete char forward ^Y Delete line ^T Delete word forward ^V Delete line backwards ^QY Delete line forward
^KB Mark block start ^QB Go to block start ^KK Mark block end ^QK Go to block end ^KY Delete marked block ^KV Move marked block to cursor ^KH Hide block ^KC Copy marked block to cursor ^KW Write block to file ^KP Put block in undo buffer
^KR Read in (merge) a file ^KD Write out file, continue editing ^KX Write out file, quit
^KQ Exit without saving file ^KI Escape to 1616/OS ^KE Execute 1616/OS command ^QG Go to line number ^K0 Set block markers 0 to 9 ^KF Partial screen freeze ^Q0 Go to a block marker ^QF Find pattern ^QA Substitute pattern ^L Repeat last pattern find ^N Repeat last substitution ^Un Undo buffer n Esc Redraw screen
^P escape characters, 3 aliasing pathnames, 7 alphabetical dir sort, 10 alt, 2 alt-S disable, 11 alter memory, 8 archive on tape, 8 ASCII, 2, 8, 12 assembling 68000 code, 12 assigning pathnames, 7 attributes, 6 backed-up files, 6 base, 11 base conversion, 11 beep, disable on error, 11 block device, 7 bus error, warm start, 11 calls, system, 10 cassette commands, 8 cassette motor, 2 cat, 6 cd, 7 cent:, 4 change directory, 7 change disk name, 7 character device, 4 cio, 9 close files option, 11 communications, 12 compare memory, 9 con:, 4 control, 2 convert numbers to base, 11 copy, 6 copy file, 6 create directory, 7 date, 10 date, dir sort by, 10 date, display, 10 date, setting, 10 define function keys, 12 delete, 6 delete file, 6 delete text, 3 device, 4 dir, 7 directory commands, 7 directory in prompt, 10 directory list, 7 dirs, 7 disable alt-S, 11 disable alt keys, 11 disable beep on error, 11 disable reset, 11 disk error messages, 11 display file, 6 display memory, 8 display time and date, 10 downloading S-records, 12 dump memory, 8 echo, 9 edit, 11 end of file character, 11 error messages, disk, 11 escape characters, 3 evaluate expression, 12 examine memory, 8 exception, warm start, 11 execution path, 7 exit, 11 expr, 12 file attributes, 6 file commands, 6 filemode, 6 fill memory, 9 fkey, 12 function keys, 2 function keys. define, 12 go, 10 history, 2 internal settings, 10 itload, 8 join file, 6 last line recall, 2 load memory, 9 load tape file, 8 locked files, 6 machine code, 10 make directory, 7 manipulate memory, 8 mcmp, 9 mdb, 8 memory allocation errors, 11 memory manipulation, 8 mfb, 9 mkdir, 7 mload, 9 mmove, 9 monitor commands, 8 Motorola S-Records, 12 move, 6 move file, 6 move in memory, 9 mrdb, 8 msave, 9 msearch, 9 mwaz, 8 mwb, 8 new directory, 7 null:, 4 number base conversion, 11 option, 10 pathname alias, 7 pause, 10 pausing, 10 printer, 4 prompt. directory shown, 10 quit, 11 recall last line, 2 redirection, 9 refresh date, 6 register contents option, 11 register dump, 10 rename, 6 rename file, 6 reset, 2 reset. disable option, 11 RS232 port, 4 RS232C, 12 RS232C terminal, 12 s-records, 12 sa:, 4 save on tape, 8 sb:, 4 scroll, 3 search memory, 9 search path, 5, 7 serial, 12 serial port, 4 serial ports, 12 serial terminal, 12 set time and date, 10 setdate, 10 shell file commands, 9 sort dir alphabetically, 10 sort dir by date, 10 speed, time a command, 12 srec, 12 SSASM in Eprom, 12 stack backtrace, 10 start editor, 11 stop disable, 11 stop output, 2 stop program, 2 stopping, 10 substituting pathnames, 7 switches, 5 syscall, 10 system blocks option, 11 system calls, 10 tape commands, 8 tarchive, 8 terma, 12 termb, 12 terminal, 12 termination character, 11 throw away output, 4 time, 12 time, display, 10 time, setting, 10 time a command, 12 tload, 8 touch, 6 trace option, 11 tsave, 8 tverify, 8 type, 6 undo, 3 verbose mode, 10 verify tape, 8 volumes, 7 warm start on exception, 11 wildcards, 4 write to memory, 8 xpath command, 5